Random genetic mutations create antibiotic-resistant individuals that survive and multiply to develop into an antibiotic-resistant colony. Potential routes of exposure to toxins in the environment. An experiment mixed together oil (lipids), organophosphate-containing detergent in water, and copper ions to act as a catalyst for a chemical reaction. Match each type of substance to its characteristic. b) IV Which of the following statements accurately describes plant virus infections? Both membranes are selectively permeable and have pores. d) Viruses do not represent a single taxonomic group. They produce proteins used by other parts of the cell. Match each of the potential toxins listed below to their most likely routes of exposure. Why do scientists classify viruses as non-living? Differences in physiology, metabolism, and body size result in species reacting ______ to a specific compound, which makes human risk difficult to estimate. - suggests a "better safe than sorry" approach of social responsibility to protect the public from harm in the face of scientific uncertainty Persistence of chemicals can be a concern for health because such ______. c. No; although prokaryotic cells are comparatively less efficient than eukaryotic cells, they are still able to carry out the processes necessary for survival and reproduction. The saline you used was isotonic to the RBCs; this resulted in water osmosing through the RBC plasma membrane into and out of the cells at an equal rate. DDT is deposited in water from agricultural runoff 0.5 ppm - Small fish The nuclear envelope consists of two concentric phospholipid bilayers while the plasma membrane is only one phospholipid bilayer. A virus is living because it has DNA that stores genetic information. e. factor I b. protease b. What do viruses need to reproduce? Viruses have a higher metabolism than bacteria cells. b. gp120 c. hereditary angioedema d. C5-C9; defend against Neisseria Which of the following accurately describes HIV? b. NADPH oxidase; produce superoxide radical (-) d. factor D Colony collapse disorder is a persistent epidemic that affects ___________________. Cancer However, some sugar molecules are too large to pass through the membrane either way without the assistance of passive transport proteins. c. passive carrier proteins e) re-infection by the same herpesvirus strain, b) copies of the herpesvirus genome remaining as mini-chromosomes in some host cell nuclei. Viruses burst (lyse) from host cells and kill the cell; Virus connects to a receptor on the cell's surface; New viruses infect other cells and create more viruses; Virus genomes and protein cotas self-assemble; Re-sequence the steps in teh chart to reflect the correct order of the virus reproduction process. County employees are subject . Eradication of diseases such as polio or smallpox. A variety of respiratory diseases in humans can be caused by adenoviruses. c. captures energy from sunlight and sends it to the mitochondria. Your muscle cells need large amounts of ATP to function in the movement of your body. c. they are able to form stable dimers with the normal form After soaking in the yellow iodine-water solution for one hour, the cell is once again weighed. b. Examine the figure below. Which of the following describes a virus? b. virus cells . The POPs of greatest concerns include substances such as chloropyrifos and glyphosate; we are exposed to them primarily by ______ because they are used in the production of ______. 1. a) Vertical transmission is transmission of a virus from a parent plant to its progeny, and horizontal transmission is one plant spreading the virus to another plant. - Mutagens are agents such as chemicals or radiation that damage DNA. Ribosomes are very small non-membranous organelles that can either exist freely in the cytoplasm or be embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell; they are associated with the synthesis of This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypertonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypotonic. 13-21 Individuals with an antibody deficiency are more susceptible to infections by all of the following except _____. e. Janus 3 kinase (Jak3) This could be best used as a simple model for c. variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) a) interference with viral replication 13-7 Genes encoding _____ rearrange in trypanosomes permitting replication and survival of the pathogen until the host produces an antibody response against the altered gene product. A majority of the MRSA (methicillan-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infections recorded in 2011 were related to ______. People living in ______ areas, especially in ______, are particularly susceptible to death linked to air pollution. c. CD40 ligand; produce GM-CSF Response curve representing a constant rate of response with increasing doors - Line b error prone replication of its DNA genome. c. bacteria and yeast a) Viruses are smaller in size than bacteria. e. A cDNA intermediate is required in order to produce a provirus. When you get home you remove the stems and clean them. b. pinocytosis These changes, called cytopathic effects, can change cell functions or even destroy the cell. What characteristics define an emergent disease? In environmental toxicity studies, when an interaction between two substances results in one of them exacerbating the effects of another by 20-fold it is called a(n) ______ interaction. Which of the following statements helps to explain why RNA viruses tend to have unusually high rates of mutation? d) ability to remove all viruses from the infected host. b. the sequence of the conserved X box of the HLA class II promoter b) Viruses can replicate independently of their cellular hosts. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. c. The solution level on the left side of the figure would decrease while the solution level on the right side of the figure would rise. c. Proviruses are flanked by repetitive sequences called long terminal repeats (LTRs). They may contain genomic DNA or RNA. Match each of the following factors to how it influences whether a particular chemical will prove to be dangerous. The estrogen-like compound that acts as a substitute hormone and disrupts gene expression, as shown in the image, is a(n) ______. b. S. pneumoniae is never completely eradicated during an infection and can reactivate if the host is immunocompromised. A mutation in the gene encoding the integrase enzyme (the protein that inserts the dsDNA into a host cell's DNA) renders the protein non-functional. 7. which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding the Previous infection with S. pneumoniae wears down the immune system over time. d. Women are more likely than men to inherit X-linked immunodeficiencies. Determine the average shear stress on the wetted perimeter of this channel. They readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer. DDT is a well-known case of biomagnification in the environment. Larger fish eat smaller fish Why? 13-47 Which of the following statements regarding inherited immunodeficiency diseases is correct? This idea is summarized in the statement "the ___________________ makes the poison. developing countries where many people cannot afford adequate health care or to live in a healthy environment. d. Pandemics; epidemics. c. eukaryotic and plant Which of the following accurately describe mutagens and their effects? You and your parents may disagree about the risk associated with your exposure to tobacco or alcohol. f. provoke vomiting and diarrhea when ingested. 13-9 Which of the following statements regarding herpes simplex virus is false? True or false: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that though 90 percent of all disease burden occurs in developing nations only about 10 percent of health care dollars are spent there. Which of the following statements accurately describes plant virus infections? b. susceptibility to Neisseria It has not been previously known or has been absent for at least 20 years. c. gp41 Check all that apply. b. the IL-12 receptor Collection, integration, and effective use of clinical data for this purpose presents a variety of specific challenges. become capable of human-to-human transmission Which of the following statements accurately describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda () phage? Comparative Study on Socio-Spatial Structures of the Typical Plain a) III 80% of antibiotics used in the United States are _______. - Diet-related obesity can lead to illnesses such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Though categorizing toxins based on potency is useful, it is complicated by differences in individual and species reactions to particular chemicals. Sensors | Free Full-Text | Multilayer Model in Soil Moisture Content They are often harmful even in extremely dilute concentrations What do you expect to happen to the weight of the cell over time and what can you deduce from the color change? This is followed by a non-translated leader sequence, and then a single long protein-coding region (~7,000 nucleotides), followed by a poly-A tail. Generally, the CIS environment in which personal computers are used is less structured than a centrally-controlled CIS environment. This is because, unlike toxic substances, hazardous materials ______. bio virus and bacteria Flashcards | Quizlet Cells vs Virus Homework | Biology Quiz - Quizizz Neurotoxins are poisons that affect us by ______. Match the examples to chronic or acute effects and exposures. Dicamba - Used as an herbicide; a plant hormone a. HIV variants convert from macrophage-tropic to lymphocyte-tropic late in infection This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypotonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypertonic. In this paper, the experimental modes of a large-scale photoelectric theodolite tracking frame are presented. a) They can be spread via the plasmodesmata. Which of the following correctly characterizes white-nose syndrome? Factor related to the organism - Immunological status at the time of exposure to the chemical. It may last a few seconds or a few hours. a. is the site where lipids destined for other cellular compartments are manufactured. About Us: If your goal is to build a career that makes a difference, consider joining the dedicated people of the Colorado Department of Human Services(CDHS). c. latency Which type(s) of chemicals travel through the environment most easily? The World Health Organization's definition of health includes ______ wellbeing. a. smooth ER c. lysosome They are recycled by endocytosis more quickly than the normal receptor. b. sorts proteins and lipids and sends them to their final destination. 13-6 All of the following use gene conversion to avoid immune detection except _____. c. CD28 a. d. Chdiak-Higashi syndrome caused by deficiency of CHS1 One important way to control the spread of viruses is through a. the use of vaccines. a) capsid A factory with an office that controls the information sent to separate rooms for each of the manufacturing and shipping processes would be analogous to C. A virus does not eat, use energy, or have cells. Toxic substance - These substances damage or kill living organisms because they react with cellular components to disrupt metabolic functions. . New York State coalition hepatitis C consensus statement leads to governor's action. - dramatically reducing frog populations in many areas the proteasome cannot generate viral peptides for presentation by MHC class I molecules. b. class II transactivator (CIITA) True or false: Ecological diseases refer to infectious diseases that strictly affect wildlife or cause damage to habitats. - personal ignorance about the hazard In the following section, we describe this approach in detail. c. inhibition of MHC class I expression Because sensory neurons express low levels of MHC class I molecules, they provide appropriate sites for viral dormancy. c. The cell should gain weight over time because it is hypertonic to the beaker environment and water will enter the cell through osmosis. d. integrase b. bacteria are living and viruses are non -living . Which of the following statements is true of chloroplasts? a. immune-complex disease Expert Answer Answer:- option (d) accurately describe the differences between bacteria and virus. Which of the following statements most accurately describes a selectively permeable membrane? Heart disease and cancer - These have risks of 1 in 6-7 D. A virus does not have a cell, produces carbon dioxide, and uses oxygen. Quiz 19: Viruses | Quiz+ ** see figure. Vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) . Please describe the competing . Increased frequency:decreased depth of penetration C. Increased blood flow:greater temperature increase D. Increased water content:increased ultrasound absorption d. carbon dioxide (CO2), b. sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids. b. chronic granulomatous disease c. Both membranes consist of two concentric phospholipid bilayers, are selectively permeable, and have pores. Key points: A virus is an infectious particle that reproduces by "commandeering" a host cell and using its machinery to make more viruses. d. extracellular spaces; coating itself with human proteins a. transport proteins b) copies of the herpesvirus genome remaining as mini-chromosomes in some host cell nuclei Culture the substance by itself on nutritive medium, away from any plant cells. d. Anti-capsular antibodies are cleared from the host quickly after an active infection. They are slippery, heat-resistant, and durable. The nuclear envelope consists of two concentric phospholipid bilayers while the plasma membrane is only one phospholipid bilayer. Which of the following statements are true about how people apply probability in determining how much risk to accept and when to avoid exposure to certain risks? Ch. 21 Review Questions - Biology for AP Courses | OpenStax 34 Questions Show answers. Choose ALL that apply. host cell indefinitely. We perceive risk differently, depending on control, interests, or context. d. hereditary angioedema: C1INH infusions d. superantigens These individuals, who generally communicate through sign language, are an integral part of our society, and their contribution is vital. Treat the substance with nucleases that destroy all nucleic acids and then determine whether it is still infectious. It is secreted and functions as a monomer but facilitates the dimerization of its receptor. e. They induce suppression of the immune response by causing T cells to undergo apoptosis. b. a. Immune responses against S. pneumoniae are serotype-specific and protect only against strains that possess the same capsular polysaccharide antigens. Which of the following is something bacteria and viruses have in common? a. reverse transcriptase Instead, the RBCs look very shriveled up. Question 4 120 seconds Q. C. HIV leads to AIDS, when about one third of the individual's T cell count is lost. Regulators struggle with how to set acceptable pollution levels based on the dose-response curve because ______. Pesticide residue on food - Ingestion (gastrointestinal tract) the virus is able to transform into a host cell. - Most organisms tolerate some exposure to a toxin but ultimately the dose gets large enough to kill them. b. facilitated diffusion 13-34 Which of the following explains why Streptococcus pneumoniae can infect an individual recurrently? Which of the following statements accurately describes a difference between viruses and bacteria? Some viruses have an external membrane envelope. A. 13-8 _____ is a strategy used by herpesviruses where replication and the generation of virus-derived peptides are avoided in order to hide from the immune response. Hydraulic structures, e.g., sluicegates and pumping stations, can directly influence flooding processes and should be represented in flood modeling and risk assessment. Declines in child mortality are largely a result of ______. b. respiratory syncytial virus What does the image depict in the context of environmental toxicology? All of the answers given. triggering a response in our immune systems, foreign materials that stimulate the production of specific antibodies. e. thymic development. a) co-infection with an unrelated virus that causes the same symptoms The membranes of the mitochondria provide a place for enzymes needed for cellular respiration to anchor and function. 13-23 Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Determine the intensity level of the infrasound 10 km from the source, assuming the sound energy radiates uniformly in all directions. b. fall below the CD8 T-cell count Chapter 7 Practice Questions - University of New England Issues associated with _______________ heath may take up to 15% of the worldwide disease burden by 2020 as conditions such as depression are growing more prevalent in both developed and developing countries. Solved Which of the following statements accurately | Chegg.com Which of the following statements about global health trends are true? a. it created the massachusetts bay colony. To test your knowledge, discuss the following topics with a study partner or in writing, ideally from memory For additional recruiting questions, please contact Isaac.Phelps@state.co.us. a. Toxoplasma gondii A layer of lipoproteins, glycoproteins, and phospholipids that covers the outer surface of some viruses is the Which statement most accurately describes a virus? A virus is living because it has an envelope that acts like a cell membrane. d. immune evasion - misunderstanding probabilities about harm from a hazard 13-3 A primary immune response against influenza virus produces antibodies that bind to _____. d. Candida albicans You isolate an infectious substance that is capable of causing disease in plants, but you do not know whether the infectious agent is a bacterium, virus, or prion. e. they are unable to transduce signals when bound to the normal form. e. cytokine and cytokine receptor production. a. adenosine deaminase (ADA) When iodine and starch are mixed together, they form a bluish-black compound that is easily seen. All living cells arise from preexisting cells, and all living cells have membrane-enclosed organelles. a - Some of the population responds, even at zero dose of the toxin, suggesting that some other factor in the environment also causes this response The selective absorption and storage of a great variety of molecules inside cells and tissues at levels that are higher than in the environment is called ______. b. a cell wall. a. rise markedly after T-cell activation Potential harm to other species or entire ecological systems. d. The cell should gain weight over time because it is isotonic to the beaker environment and water will be drawn into the cell because of the albumin. A virus must use its host-cell processes to replicate. Some allergens act directly as ______, and the immune system recognizes them as foreign, stimulating the production of specific antibodies. Additionally, small Na ions and some proteins can pass through the membrane against the concentration gradient, but both require the assistance of active transport proteins. b. classical complement and blood-clotting pathways b. C3 b. a prokaryotic cell with a nucleus. Why do scientists repeat their experiments over and over again? A. True or false: Mortality refers to being ill, whereas morbidity refers to dying from a disease. Which of the following groups of people is most likely to have an increased exposure to toxic chemicals because of their job responsibilities? Pollution - Noise Many of these materials can be rendered relatively innocuous by dilution, neutralization, or other physical treatment. 51BidLive-[A collection of three American sterling silver vases and a Match the mechanism of eliminating toxins to the body part that is responsible for the action. They capture energy from sunlight. a. Answered: Which of the following statements | bartleby a) enter a replicative cycle that does not kill the host cell. True or false: Most people in industrialized nations have PFC residues (perflurooctanoic acid) in their blood. The tertiary structure consists of eight beta-strands connected by -helices (known as the globin fold) Hemoglobin is a tetramer composed of two different types of globin subunits, each of which has an O 2 binding site For some toxic substances, a millionth of a gram (an amount invisible to the naked eye) can be lethal. Which statement is incorrect regarding internal control in personal computer environment? a. Streptococcus pneumoniae a. a virus-encoded Fc receptor Reduce the amount of salt and animal fat in your diet - Reduced cardiovascular disease c. Most deficiency syndromes are caused by dominant gene defects. The radish cells were hypertonic to the water in which they were soaking. d. Typically just a piece of genetic material encased in proteins, viruses are small, non-cellular infectious agents that are only capable of reproducing when inside a living cell such as those of plants, animals, fungi, protozoans, or bacteria. e. All of the choices are correct. a. d. cytosol. - Allergens act as antigens and stimulate the production of specific antibodies. B cells; CR2 c. a prokaryotic cell without a nucleus. - For most people, a 1 in 100,000 chance of dying from some risk factor is often a threshold for changing what they do. e. C3; opsonize capsulated bacteria. No color change in the beaker tells us that the starch was too large to cross the membrane from the cell and into the beaker. Applied Sciences | Free Full-Text | A Machine Learning Based Full d. phagocytosis. A. Oxygenated blood is taken to the heart, from the lungs into the left atrium via the pulmonary arteries B. Oxygenated blood is taken to the heart, from the lungs into the right atrium via the pulmonary veins Choose the statement that correctly describes HIV and HBV. The hydrophobic tails lined up towards each other with their hydrophilic heads pointing out towards the water; this configuration formed a phospholipid bilayer that pulled into a spherical liposome. What can be concluded about policy decisions addressing hazardous and toxic nutrients based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's assessment of relative risks to human welfare? Which of the following help increase the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane? Car accident c. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase; HIV d. superantigen - Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are on the decline globally. When a dose-response curve for a particular toxin shows a threshold for the response, it generally suggests ______. Poliovirus is an RNA virus of the picornavirus group, which uses its RNA as mRNA. Substances that cause invasive, out-of-control cell growth resulting in tumors are called ______. a. plasma membrane. - that some minimal dose is necessary before any effect can be observed. The following data are taken from measurements on Indian Fork Creek: A=26m2A=26 \mathrm{m}^{2}A=26m2, P = 16 m, and S0=0.02m/62mS_{0}=0.02 \mathrm{m} / 62 \mathrm{m}S0=0.02m/62m. a. This is an example of - establish acceptable toxin levels at the highest amount that does not cause measurable effects or as low as technically feasible. Viruses are very diverse. possibility of suffering harm or loss resulting from a given action, process of estimating the threat a particular hazard poses to human health.
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