which of the following best explains diffusion? which of the following best explains diffusion?

On the other extreme, a red blood cell that is hypotonic (lower concentration outside the cell) will result in more water flowing into the cell than out. For example, how might this play into why coffee and tea always start with hot water? The electrochemical gradients set up by primary active transport store energy, which can be released as the ions move back down their gradients. Though water is a polar molecule, it can also diffuse through the plasma membrane. Direct link to priciaauy's post why wouldnt cells use atp, Posted 4 years ago. 1. When these molecules collide with one another, there is a change in the direction of movement as well as changes to momentum and velocity. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The first sugar solution is hypotonic to the second solution. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. 0 To produce a mRNA molecule to deliver the genetic instructions outside the nucleus. The mechanization of farming in the Second Agricultural Revolution resulted in more reliable crop harvests and healthier populations in areas where the mechanization was adopted. A process that requires energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called: The Na+/K+ pump transports three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions moved into the cell. He should be given a hypotonic drip to draw fluid out of his cells. Water moves into and out of cells by osmosis. Here, the cell can't import glucose for free using diffusion, because the natural tendency of the glucose will be to diffuse out rather than flowing in.Instead, the cell must bring in more glucose molecules via active transport.In active transport, unlike passive transport, the cell expends energy (for example, in the form of ATP) to move a substance against its concentration gradient. how does the carrier protein "harness" energy from another molecules concentration gradient? tonicity: the amount of solute in a solution. B. A number of colonies were established and settled by people from Great Britain. If you say something, I ll ask someone at what age erectile dysfunction starts to clean it up. Agricultural settlement patterns are partly determined by the survey system used to organize landownership. Posted 7 years ago. The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________. At any given temperature, the diffusion of a smaller particle will be more rapid than that of a larger-sized molecule. Put the food coloring back where you found it. B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum 3.5 Passive Transport - Concepts of Biology - 1st Canadian Edition "Diffusion. These molecules diffuse freely in and out of the cell, along their concentration gradient. For example, if a block of dry ice (carbon dioxide in solid form) is placed inside a box, carbon dioxide molecules in the center of the block mostly collide with each other and get retained within the solid mass. 266X15aX+baY+32b. No tracking or performance measurement cookies were served with this page. A. smooth endoplasmic reticulum These channels are . Active transport mechanisms do just this, expending energy (often in the form of ATP) to maintain the right concentrations of ions and molecules in living cells. We are not permitting internet traffic to Byjus website from countries within European Union at this time. This is usually not directed in any particular manner, and can appear random. Since they are relatively large openings in the plasma membrane, these integral membrane proteins also have high specificity. Question 12 30 seconds Q. Both farming practices require considerable labor input because the fruit is picked by hand, making it a product of intensive agriculture. If you knew the answer, tap the green Know box. Option C is the correct answer because Cultural divergence (CD) happens when two cultures separate, therefore CD explains the best concept of driving forces of contemporary cultural diffusion. Retrieved from https://biologydictionary.net/diffusion/. Just like the first cup, the sugar is the solute, and the water is the solvent. D. mitochondria, Which of the following is a function of lysosomes? Biologydictionary.net Editors. Which of these statements is NOT true? Can you find a safe way to heat or cool the food coloring before adding it to the water? Phosphorylation makes the pump change shape, re-orienting itself so it opens towards the extracellular space. 8.4: Osmosis and Diffusion - Chemistry LibreTexts The higher the temperature, the more kinetic energy the particles will have, so they will move and mix more quickly. does the glucose molecule just randomly attach itself to the protein when it's about to transport a sodium ion to the other side? thank you. Glucose is the most commonly used energy source by human cells because (Points: 1) this is the most abundant macromolecule available for cellular respiration. Wipe up any spills that may have happened. In comparing two solutions of unequal solute concentration, the solution with the higher solute concentration is hypertonic, and the solution with the lower solute concentration is hypotonic. Cells placed in a hypotonic solution will take in water across their membranes until both the external solution and the cytosol are isotonic. Secondary active transport involves the movement of a substance into a cell through a protein channel with its concentration gradient. How To Prolong Ejaculation During Intercourse? Facilitated diffusion is powered entirely by GTP hydrolysis B. Privacy Policy and The images shown illustrate a change that took place as the Second Agricultural Revolution coincided with the Industrial Revolution. Which of the following best explains the diffusion of plants and You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows: If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they Diffusion through a membrane | Cell Structure Quiz - Quizizz Everything in the cell sits in the cytosol, like fruit in a Jell-o mold. C. Diffusion provides ciphertext heterogeneity, while confusion provides algorithm This problem has been solved! In its outward-facing form, the pump switches allegiances and now really likes to bind to (has a high affinity for) potassium ions. Which of the following solutions contains the most solute? What will happen to a freshwater fish in the ocean? Which of the following best explains why the New England region, located in the northeastern United States, would specialize in market gardening agriculture rather than other types of agriculture, such as grain farming? Simple diffusion is relevant in chemical reactions, in many physical phenomena, and can even influence global weather patterns and geological events. The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____. The protein can be toggled back and forth between these forms by the addition or removal of a phosphate group, which is in turn controlled by the binding of the ions to be transported. Technological innovations, such as the devices shown in the images, and increased agricultural productivity led to better diets, longer life expectancies, and more people available for work in factories. Which of the following best describes the survey methods used to delineate agricultural land and the associated settlement patterns shown in the tw. Facilitated diffusion requires the assistance of proteins. The use of improved plant hybrids and agricultural chemicals. Prior to this, very few animals had been domesticated in the Americas. The number of molecules that only collide with other carbon dioxide particles within dry ice decreases. Because of the difference in sodium concentration (between the inside and outside of the cell) and due to the electrical potential difference (between the inside and outside of the cell), the SGLT is able to perform its function. Which of the following explains the prevalence of banana plantations in Central America? Midlatitude climates tend to support similar agricultural crops and practices, such as wheat farming in the United States and China. Can't that serve the same role? Direct link to Ivana - Science trainee's post Because it is faster to u, Posted 7 years ago. Direct link to liweiong272's post Main difference: In facil, Posted 6 years ago. Mastering A&P Chapters 1-3 Flashcards | Quizlet Allison Soult, Ph.D. (Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky). This is related to both the mass of the molecule and its surface area. Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 14 & 15 Hw/Qui, Subject pronouns and at verb's conjugation ch, Mastering A&P Chapter 3 - Cells: The Living U, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations, Jean Phillips, Ricky W. Griffin, Stanley Gully. This voltage will be maintained as long as K, For more explanation of how the voltage across the membrane is established, take a look at the. Carbon dioxide is a small molecule that moves through the phospholipid bilayer with its concentration gradient by: Sodium ions are moving with their concentration gradient with the use of a protein channel across a plasma membrane. Predict what will happen to a patient's red blood cells if you give the patient an IV of pure water. Would remain unchanged B. So something must protect the cell and allow it to survive in its water-based environment. Which of the following correctly compares the significance of the different technologies shown in the images? When placed in a hypertonic solution, a red blood cell will lose water and undergo crenation (shrivel). A cell is placed into a 3% dextrose solution. A. Mr. Weddington was admitted to the hospital with chronic heart failure. in a symporter it makes sense that the flow of one ion should cause other molecules to go along with it, however in an antiporter, what causes the other molecule to move up its conc. Imagine now that you have a second cup with \(100 \: \text{mL}\) of water, and you add \(45 \: \text{g}\) of table sugar to the water. This way, the capillaries remain at a low carbon dioxide concentration, allowing the constant movement of the molecule away from cells. The term cytoplasm refers to the cytosol and all of the organelles, the specialized compartments of the cell. The sugar dissolves and the mixture that is now in the cup is made up of a solute (the sugar) that is dissolved in the solvent (the water). In simple diffusion, this process proceeds without the aid of a transport protein. What values of a and b would complete each of the following (X and Y are not meant to be any particular elements): 266X+baY15aX+32b\begin{aligned} 266 \mathrm{X} & \rightarrow \alpha+\mathrm{b}^{\mathrm{a}} \mathrm{Y} \\ The cell membrane has pores that let only water and glucose into the cell and carbon dioxide out. In chemical processes, diffusion is often the central principle driving many reactions. Which of the following best explains the diffusion of plants and animals from their hearths of domestication? Diffusion Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Fish cells, like all cells, have semipermeable membranes. Which of the following best explains how a wheat farmer in the Northern Plains region of the United States is able to maximize profits? Figure showing the transport cycle of the sodium-potassium pump. They have the same charge, so it probably won't have something to do with that and Sodium is smaller than Potassium, so it seems like it should be easier!? With the phosphate group gone, the pump will change back to its original form, opening towards the interior of the cell. The concentration of sodium ions is lower inside the cell than in the extracellular fluid, while the reverse is true for potassium ions. Which of the following best explains the economic advantage of the type of farm-produced goods shown in the images? Water molecules will move from the side of higher water concentration to the side of lower concentration until both solutions are isotonic. This means that the dry ice (or even regular ice) will evaporate faster on a warmer day, simply because each molecule is moving with greater energy and is more likely to quickly escape the confines of a solid state. What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid? Typically, diffusion refers to the movement of molecules from high concentrations to lower concentrations. Osmosis | Biology Quiz - Quizizz http://physrev.physiology.org/content/91/2/733, https://phys.org/news/2013-10-mechanism-sodium-potassium-revealed.html. Cells may lyse when placed into a hypertonic environment. This statement describes _____. That is because the molecules from the food odor havent diffused into that space yet. C. The SER manufactures proteins for export from the cell. Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? fats and proteins yield too much energy for the cells to process. The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. The township-and-range survey system was based on a geometric grid pattern, while the long-lot system was a rectilinear pattern based upon waterways or roads. This is an example of: Resting membrane potential is due to unequal concentrations of: Two types of active transport via vesicles are: Which of the following best describes secondary active transport? Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane? Active transport: primary & secondary overview (article) | Khan Academy A. By what endocytosis process do some white blood cells engulf bacteria? Which of the following explains one of the negative consequences of the Green Revolution that would be of greater c, Runoff of agricultural chemicals into the local groundwater that pollutes water resources. Can you predict, based on the first way of doing the experiment, what might change, if anything? Lipids do not mix with water (recall that oil is a lipid), so the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane acts as a barrier, keeping water out of the cell, and keeping the cytoplasm inside the cell. This process takes place in the following steps: To begin, the pump is open to the inside of the cell. In class, do you typically sit evenly spaced or all scrunched together? why wouldnt cells use atp for primary active transport of glucose directly, why go through a second step? For cell transport, diffusion is the movement of small molecules across the cell membrane. Answer: Random movement of molecules is not fast enough to disperse through the larger eukaryotic cell volume, Explanation: Eukaryotic clels are much bigger than prokaryotic cells. Solved Which of the following best explains the effect of - Chegg Does it move differently in the hot water than the cold water? The hypertonic solution has a lower water concentration than the hypotonic solution, so a concentration gradient of water now exists across the membrane. Limited farmland encourages intensive farming with intercropping to produce high yields. If a cell is in a hypertonic solution, the solution has a lower water concentration than the cell cytosol, and water moves out of the cell until . Which of the following is not a passive process? An open beaker of water in equilibrium with water vapour is in a sealed container. An example of this is the way the noxious smell of ammonia gas spreads in air. In this conformation, the pump no longer likes to bind to sodium ions (has a low affinity for them), so the three sodium ions are released outside the cell. The cell is therefore not completely permeable. This can occur with all sorts of matter, but is most commonly observed in liquids and gases. Which of the following best explains the Green Revolution's highly variable level of success in increasing agricultu. Obviously, the cell could not survive in such an environment. The plants and animals diffused to a region with climate and geography similar to that of their point of domestication. This is because in hot water, the water molecules have more energy and are moving faster than the molecules of cold water. The material that diffuses could be a solid, liquid or gas. Drought and depletion of groundwater sources in developing countries cause a rise in global grain prices and associated higher costs for food. Direct link to Dovid Shaw's post how does the antiporter p, Posted 7 years ago. Do not mix or stir. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack Imagine you're preparing a barbecue of grilled chicken and salad for friends. Simple diffusion is merely the movement of molecules along their concentration gradient without the direct involvement of any other molecules. Typically, diffusion refers to the movement of molecules from high concentrations to lower concentrations. Active transport works by using a phosphate group from ATP to change the shape of the protein and thus do work. Which of the following best explains diffusion? Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________. The IV fluid should be isotonic to the patient's blood. Which of the following best describes the settlement patterns shown in the images? Direct link to Yago's post Why can't the Sodium move, Posted 4 years ago. Diffusion is the mixing of substances due to the movement of their particles. The sodium-potassium pump transports sodium out of and potassium into the cell in a repeating cycle of conformational (shape) changes. Solved QUESTION 28 Which of the following best explains the - Chegg C. detoxify certain chemicals D. through oxidation reactions At 3M, we discover and innovate in nearly every industry to help solve problems around the world. What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane? Nerve cells do not have centrioles. A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. Since diffusion is powered primarily by the probability of molecules moving away from a region of higher saturation, it immediately follows that when the medium (or solvent) has a very low concentration of the solute, the probability of a molecule diffusing away from the central area is higher. The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____. This increases the rate at which solute and solvent molecules move, and increases collisions. It mainly occur in liquid and gaseous substance as their particle can easily move from one place to another. (2005). The rate of this movement depends on the energy of the molecules. The membrane potential of a typical cell is -40 to -80 millivolts, with the minus sign meaning that inside of the cell is more negative than the outside, As an example of how the membrane potential can affect ion movement, lets look at sodium and potassium ions. When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion? Epinephrine is taken into the cell by endocytosis; glycogen is converted to glucose in the endocytotic vesicle. Solved Which of the following BEST explains the difference - Chegg For instance, when water is mixed with glycerol, over time the two liquids diffuse radially into each other. An open door is completely permeable to anything that wants to enter or exit through the door. All the examples given above were instances of simple diffusion. Determine the type of membrane transport used to transport these sodium ions. Unit 3 Culture Test | Geography Quiz - Quizizz What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion? The long-lot system results in population clustered along a waterway, whereas the metes-and-bounds system results in a random, dispersed population pattern. The reaction proceeds towards completion at a faster rate. & y_2^{\prime}=12 y_1 \\ By the time blood flows into capillaries in the muscle or liver, for instance, there is only a single layer of cells separating this oxygen from hepatocytes or skeletal muscle fibers. Intensive agriculture is practiced in a Mediterranean climate. A) greater collision frequency and more effective collisions B) increasing the number of particles in a given volume increases collision frequency C) weakens the bonds in the reactants so that they are easier to break D) better orientation of the reactant Legal. Since diffusion moves materials from an area of higher concentration to the lower, it is described as moving solutes "down the concentration gradient". This occurs because there is a net movement of sugar molecules into the water medium. Which of the following best explains a negative economic consequence of the Green Revolution in less developed countries as compared to more developed countries? Each cell has a long tail that moves in a whip-like manner. And sodium is highly concentrated outside of the cell, so that's where it goes during active transport considering it is low to high concentration. \end{aligned} This can occur with all sorts of matter, but is most commonly observed in liquids and gases. what is the main difference between active transport using a carrier protein, and passive transport using facilitated diffusion? Channels are very selective and will accept only one type of molecule (or a few closely related molecules) for transport. gradient? A. This statement describes _____. Even in large industrial reactions, when two liquids are mixed together, diffusion brings the reactants together and allows the reaction to proceed smoothly. osmosis, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion are all what type of process? Epinephrine binds to a cell-surface receptor; the activated receptor catalyzes the conversion of glycogen to glucose. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Similarly, the medium in which diffusion occurs could also be in one of the three physical states. The images shown illustrate the differences in scale of production for two methods of producing thread. Township and range: unit-block field patterns with dispersed farmsteads and occasional villages. Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion? Therefore, they are NOT able to __________. AP Bio Final 2019 | Biology Quiz - Quizizz Which of the following best describes the survey system used in both locations shown? As a prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, the DNA is in the cytoplasm. In any system, molecules are moving with a certain amount of kinetic energy. A. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out. In fact, cells spend much of the energy they harvest in metabolism to keep their active transport processes running. One phosphate group from ATP is attached to the pump, which is then said to be phosphorylated. How is the , Posted 7 years ago. Conversely, in active transport, the solute moves against the concentration gradient, from regions of lower to higher concentration. Which of the following best explains the reasons for the similarities and differences between the two land survey systems shown?